The development of a practice framework Essay Example

The development of a practice framework Essay Although there appears to be a emphasis on adopting an eclectic approach The development of a practice framework for professionals working in the area of human services and although the individual may not necessarily have control over whether they will experience loss throughout their life, they can control how they respond to them. However, Reactions to traumatic events seem to be determined by a number of variables such as the nature of the event, the character, personality, previous and present experiences, beliefs, attitudes and expectations, beliefs of the individual involved (Parkinson, 1997). Positives and negatives of various theoretical approaches What difference does their approach have in relation to grief and loss Some people work purely from theory while others work predominantly from personal experience. whereas sympathy seeks to console, empathy works to understand empathy requires a certain emotional distance you have to step away from grief, fear, and anger to create a space in which your thoughts can exert a calming influence on your feelings (Ciaramicoli Ketcham, 2000). Empathy Traditional forms of mutilation for bereavement were, and in some instances still are, practiced among the indigenous people of Australia. For example, in Queensland many aboriginal tribes slashed their bodies or foreheads to show sorrow at the death or injury of a kin (Wilson, 1982). Many Westerners who work at assisting the bereaved have notions of grief pathology such as grief that is never expressed, grief that goes on to intensely for too long, grief that is delayed, grief that involves delusions, grief that involves threat to others, and grief that involves self-injury (Parkes, 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on The development of a practice framework specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The development of a practice framework specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The development of a practice framework specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Professionals who work with people who have suffered loss must prepare themselves psychologically and philosophically for this work, and a key aspect of this is to be able to accept suffering as endemic to life (Kennedy, 1990). Grief can be expressed through such masked appearances as school absenteeism and bed wetting in children, delinquency and drug abuse in adolescents (and adults), and promiscuity, suicide, and diverse physical and mental illnesses in adults (Fiefel, 1995). Stroebe and Stroebe (19 ) state that grief is a normal affective response to the loss of a loved one which, if it runs an uncomplicated course does not require therapeutic intervention (p. 8). However, the focus of the majority of early research into grief and loss has been in relation to conjugal bereavement ( ) and the terminally ill patient ( ). Research into the area of grief and loss during the latter part of the 20th has identified a broad range of losses, albeit tangible or intangible, that can initiate a grief response. Furthermore, the literature on grief and loss has recognized the impact of traumatic events and a broad range of factors that include the individuals interpretation of the event ( ), the nature of the event (Parkinson, 2000; Davidson Baum, 1990), gender (Kritsberg, 1993), age (Rosenthal, 2000), level of maturity, previous experience and coping strategies (Davies Holden, 1997), support networks (Figley, 1988; Miller, 1994), and cultural display rules (Moos, 1995; Atkinson, 1997). is not yet a fully recognized academic discipline (Miller Omarzu, 1998). Unlike trauma which is acknowledged Loss is a subjective experience and, for this very reason, two or more people encounter the same the persons reaction In psychology, modernism has given rise to the machine metaphor of human functionality. When applied to grief, this view suggests that people need to recover from their state of intense emotionality and return to normal functioning and effectiveness as quickly and efficiently as possible (Stroebe, Gergen, Gergen Stroebe, 1995, p. 233). 1995, 226). Beginning with Freud, theorists have understood the purpose of grief as relinquishing the lost object so that new attachments in the present can be formed and that failure to sever the bond has been defined as pathological or complicated grief (Klass, 1995). Theoretical approaches based on psychodynamics, attachment theory, social construction of loss, cognitive theories and constructivist psychology constitute the major movements that have evolved over the twentieth century with respect to our knowledge about loss and grief (Murray, 2003). Answers perhaps as to why people do not go through a normal grieving process. According to the romanticist concept of grief the death of a beloved person was a defining event in the life of the bereaved, signaling the beginning of what was often a lifelong memorialisation of the deceased (DeSpelder Strickland, 1995). Since mourning is a process and not a state, incompleted tasks can impair further growth and development, although the tasks do not necessarily follow a specific order, there is some ordering suggested in the definitions, you cannot handle the emotional impact of a loss until you first come to terms with the fact that the loss has happened (Worden, 1991). Grieving does not proceed in a linear fashion, it may reappear to be reworked (Worden, 1991). There is not definitive time for when mourning is finished four months, one year, never (Worden, 1991). Only when the lost person has been internalized and become a part of the bereaved is the mourning process complete (Parkinson, 2000). The process of psychological debriefing should be an essential component in our response to survivors of traumatic events (Parkinson, 2000) As with adults, children follow different paths through their grief experiencing different reactions at different times (Fitzgerald, 1992). The most significant variable contributing to response to bereavement was having a history of psychological disturbance and those having a history were more likely to describe themselves as anxious and depressed, socioeconomic status was a significant contributor to depression and state and chronic anxiety levels in the bereaved individuals (Bartrop, Hancock, Craig, Porritt, 1992). A number of risk factors that have the potential to complicate normal grief reactions include sudden, unexpected death, traumatic events, ambivalence in a relationship, pre-existing psychopathology, concurrent crises, perceived preventability, lack of social support (McKissock, 1998). Of all the risk factors, centrality, the degree of significance the person who has died has in our everyday life, to our identity or our sense of well being, is the most likely to indicate the intensity of grief we experience (McKissock, 1998). Bereaved people dont let go, the reconnect through memories and changing perceptions to form a new relationship with the person who has died (McKissock, 1998). Men and women grieve differently, men tend to seek solace in the warmth of familiar sexual intimacy with their partners whereas women long for emotional closeness, or hugs that dont demand a response (McKissock, 1998).

The eNotes Blog #twitterfiction Worthy of aRetweet

#twitterfiction Worthy of aRetweet Literary festivals come to town and go, and for whatever reason you just couldnt make it out to all you wanted to see this year. Fear not! Now the festival can come to you. Today is the first day of Twitters very own Fiction Festival, an event that draws writers and readers from around the globe together on one page. Literature has never been so instant, accessible, or succinct, as authors craft stories from afar in real time, sometimes as short as 140 characters. The Festival showcase will be a completely virtual event, taking place on Twitter with participants from five continents and stories in five languages. For five days, Wednesday, November 28 to Sunday, December 2, you’ll be able to find creative experiments in story-telling on Twitter around the clock. Want to get involved? At this festival, youre not relegated to the sidelines. Jump in with your own fiction, and use the tag #twitterfiction for all to see your work. You could: create a character and tell a story in his or her voice tell a story from your own account tell a story in a single Tweet and of course, any other creative ideas you have. A showcase page of all the festivals entries can be found at this link. Missed the daily live retweeting of Hamlet?  Dont worry, all of the selections are collated for you like this. Youll never miss a lit festival again. To give you a heads up on the happenings, here are a few highlights. No need to grab a map and traipse from tent to tent! You can also head to Twitters blog for a complete schedule: Starting with the idea of a Twitter feed used as evidence, author Elliott Holt (@elliottholt) will tell the story of a crime. The audience will see that story unfold via three different perspectives, and then will have to weigh the presented evidence for themselves.  Wednesday at 7pm EST Perhaps no story is more powerful than a myth. Lucy Coats (@lucycoats) from Northampton UK, will re-tell 100 Greek myths in 100 Tweets.  Wednesday 21 Nov. till Sunday 25 Nov. 9am EST Emmy Laybourne (@emmylaybourne) and Anna Banks (@byannabanks) will put a humorous spin on the paranormal young adult story with love affair between a teenage girl and aSasquatch.  Wednesday through Sunday at 4pm EST (21:00 GMT)   For author Kurt Crisman (@unpublishedguy) online descriptions of TV episodes tell a story all their own. He’ll weave a whole story together out of these to describe five seasons of a science fiction show with an absurdist twist.  Every day, updated hourly Ifeoluwapo Odedere offers a satire, written in the style of the King James Bible, about a Nigerian community whose attempts to find a sustainable power source are continually thwarted by a saboteur.  Thursday through Saturday at 8am EST In a tense psychological thriller, Andrew Pyper (@andrewpyper) re-tells the classic Henry James ghost story â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† - set in a present-day White House. We will follow the Tweets of the new nanny, who is increasingly convinced something strange is afoot.  Thursday through Sunday at 7pm EST A group of four authors in Paris plan to work together to build collaborative sonnets in French, which they call #TwitRature.  Thursday to Sunday at 5am EST AND if youre lucky enough to be in New York, the New York Public Library will be hosting the festivals only non-virtual  live event  this Saturday. I love that all of these creative people have embraced the idea of twitterature. Im sure its a challenging way to stretch (squeeze?) ones writing skills, and really brings the audience something innovative. What are your thoughts on how Twitter is changing the literary world? Check back next week for a summary of the festivals highlights!

Great Writing is a Goal, Not a Destination

Great Writing is a Goal, Not a Destination One of my favorite short poems is â€Å"Now We Are Six† But now I am six, I’m as clever as clever. So I think I’ll be six now and forever. It makes everyone smile because all adults know that the boy may be as clever as clever in his own eyes, but he has barely started his journey. Now those words make me smile for another reason. I recognize that feeling. It is the same feeling I had when I held the proof copy of my first novel in my hands. Now I am an author, as clever as clever. And I will write novels now and forever. It was a moment of hubris, embarrassing in retrospect, but powerful at the time. Ask any writer about his or her first novel- not the first published novel, but the first novel (s)he ever wrote. I’m sure most of them will laugh and say little more. The novel that gave me my moment of triumph was not the first novel I wrote, but the first one that went out into the world. My moment of triumph lasted for several days until one of my best friends called to tell me what a great book it was†¦and to point out that I was really fond of run-on sentences. That let the air out of my balloon. That was many years ago, and I have since consumed many books, blogs, courses, and workshops about writing. I continue to write, and deep inside I think every book is better than the ones before it. Whether or not my books are better, I will continue to learn and sharpen my craft. I no longer think I’m as clever as clever, but I’m working on it.

REading Response of NAECY Read and Write article Essay

REading Response of NAECY Read and Write article - Essay Example Teachers for children are required to undergo a comprehensive training to be equipped with the requirements of early literacy and the best teaching practices for early childhood education. The desirable features of children’s classrooms include manageable class sizes, low children to teacher ratios and varieties of learning materials. Additional policies meant to enhance children’s learning include promoting proper methods of assessing children, access to proper healthcare, and rallying for the public to assume collective responsibility in investing in high quality education for children. This article has really changed my mindset towards children’s learning. The paper has made me realize that children demonstrate their desire to learn when they are at early stages through grasping and gazing at objects. I have also realized that children’s teachers are not supposed to be anyone who knows how to read and write; however, teachers need training in order to understand the psychology behind developmental stages of children so that they can effectively care for them. I also learnt that we all have the responsibility of ensuring high quality education for our children through cost sharing to hire enough teachers and buy the required resources to boost children’s learning. The first teachers who handle children largely determine their future life and academic success (Herr & Libby-Larson, 2009). Teachers are required to remain attentive to children’s needs of learning and handle them in the best way they can. Teachers should expose children to a variety of learning objects and allow them to manipulate these objects in their quest to understand the world. Traditionally, people believed that children’s learning requirements are not demanding and can be met with any adult. This perception has changed since teachers must understand the requirements of children at each age and satisfy

Paper Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Paper Two - Essay Example There are available tenets and beliefs that the church is only concerned in teaching people and aid them to achieve salvation via the grace given by God. Thus can be taken to be the principal reason of existence for the church but there are other reasons for its existence. A church is a place where people in the community meet a few times in a week in order to be taught morals and tactics of living peacefully with each other. The church exists in all communities and there is nowhere in the 160 sovereign nations existing today that does not have one. Each and every community honouring the basic human rights retains a big role for the church. For instance, in countries where it is marred with racism, then the church plays a key role in ensuring that the people live together in peace and harmony. If there are any disagreements, then the church ensure that it solves the issue and come up with a long lasting solution. Mostly the clergy are notified of the issue and they call them for consultation (MRM, n.pag). Therefore the church plays a major role of uniting people and ensuring that the community has peace. The clergy men act like Jesus when he took the human flesh and came to live among us. Another major role played by the church in the community is provision of refuge for the less privileged people in the community. There are many people in the society that cannot afford the basic needs and therefore, the church has makes sure that these people have their needs taken care of (MRM, n.pag). For instance, there are some people in the society that are homeless. Therefore, the churches have organized safe houses where they can spend their nights as well as get access to other amenities. In this case the church plays the role of making people in the community feel appreciated and dignified which is a major breakthrough in the society. Another example is provision of children’s homes for orphans. Many

The Humphead Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus :: essays research papers

The Humphead Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus The Humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, is the largest member of the family Labridae and widely distributed across the reefs of the Indo-Pacific. It is found from the Red Sea and African coast, across the Indian Ocean and much of the Pacific, north to southern Japan and the coast of southern China, and south to New Caledonia. In English it is mostly commonly referred to as the Humphead, Maori or Napoleon wrasse. Fishery management The species has a high economic value and is a special favorite of both the live reef food fish trade and with recreational divers.The Humphead wrasse is vulnerable to fishing due to its long life and late sexual maturation (which occurs at approximately 50 cm total length and 5 years of age). This means that its life history is one that involves slow replacement (and hence slow recovery from fishing) rates. Because of its high value as food, it is heavily sought by fishers and traders. As part of the live food fish market, its value is likely to increase with rarity, so fishers will continue to fish this species even as its numbers decline. Humphead wrasse fisheries are mostly unmanaged and, even if managed 'on paper', there is usually little management or monitoring of Humphead wrasse in local fisheries. Monitoring is needed, both of local capture and of exports. Without proper management and monitoring, it is impossible to know whether current capture rates are sustainable or to e stablish safe quotas capture. On the other hand, its value to diving tourism will remain high if it is protected and remains alive in the wild. Live Reef Food Fish Trade While there is some capture for local use, particularly in the western and central Pacific, the Humphead wrasse is primarily taken for export as part of the valuable live reef food fish trade which is centred in SE Asia. All fish in this trade are wild-caught since commercial level hatchery propagation of this species is not yet possible. The major importing countries are China (especially Hong Kong), Taiwan and Singapore. Fish are exported especially from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and from some western Pacific Islands. Hong Kong is the biggest consumer/transshipment centre for the live seafood market, including for the Humphead wrasse. Hong Kong re-exports significant but undocumented volumes of Humphead wrasse into mainland, particularly southern, China, according to traders and to market surveys.

Haiti Earthquake Essay

January 12, 2010 became the moment of tragedy for the population of Haiti: an earthquake of terrible force stroke the small island, killing and injuring thousands of people. The earthquake turned into a devastating power, destroying everything in the epicenter and miles beyond. It was the most powerful earthquake in Haiti in more than 100 years. Now, several months after the tragic event, Haitian authorities still work to restore the economic and social stability in the region. Earthquakes are difficult to predict – the Haiti earthquake did not have any warning signs or foreshocks. It was equally unexpected and powerful. The aftershocks that followed confirmed the complexity of the natural processes that usually occur during earthquakes. The terrible earthquake that stroke Haiti on January 12th, 2010 affected around three million people, with between 100,000 and 200,000 dead (Physics Today, 2010). Measured 7. 0 according to the earthquake magnitude, the Haiti quake became the most powerful and the most devastating in the region over the last 100 years (Physics Today, 2010). 7.  0 earthquakes are believed to be large, but not huge, and the Haiti earthquake was not the strongest and the most tragic in the human history. For the regions with high seismic activity, 7. 0-8. 0-magnitude earthquakes are a norm of life which, despite its power and negative consequences, is impossible to escape. In case of the Haiti earthquake, three essential factors contributed to the human and material losses: first, the epicenter was in 10 miles from the capital city, Port-au-Prince (Physics Today, 2010). Second, the earthquake was shallow by itself; in other words, it was only 10-15 kilometers below the land’s surface (Physics Today, 2010). Third, given the state of the Haitian economy and the level of poverty in the region, most of the local buildings were not designed to withstand the pressure of an earthquake and simply collapsed (Physics Today, 2010). The three mentioned factors turned the Haiti earthquake for the worst-case scenario for its people (Physics Today, 2010). A belief persists that the current state of technology facilitates the prediction of earthquakes. Today, thousands of people are confident that seismologists could have predicted the course of events in Haiti. Yet, the reality is quite different. Notwithstanding the recent technological advancements, predicting earthquakes (especially, in the long run) is still far from possible. No, that does not mean that seismologists do not monitor tectonic activity. Monitoring zones like Haiti â€Å"around the world to get a general sense of where the next such pops may happen is not that difficult, mostly because tectonic activity is hard to conceal completely† (Kluger, 2010). Scientists have information and technologies necessary to make predictions about where on the landscape earthquakes are the likeliest to occur, but forecasting in the long term is problematic and rarely objective (Kluger, 2010). During the 18th Caribbean Geological Conference in March 2008, five scientists presented their paper, stating that the tectonic zone on the southeastern side of the island was a serious seismic hazard (Griggs, 2010). The scientists had been increasingly concerned about the fault zone which, eventually, became the source of the major problems and the epicenter of the earthquake. Professionals justify the lack of attention toward the report by the fact that such strikes and zones can remain dormant for hundreds of years (Griggs, 2010). Given the difficulties which seismologists usually experience in the process of predicting earthquakes, the reliability of their reports is often questionable. The findings presented on the 2008 Conference followed the 2004 study in the Journal of Geophysical Research, which reported an increased earthquake risk in the Septentrional fault zone near Haiti, not far from the Dominican Republic (Griggs, 2010). However, because Haiti is fairly regarded as one of the most active seismic zones in the world, even the heightened seismic activity does not necessarily imply that the region is facing an earthquake threat: the nearest strike can occur years and decades later. The Haiti earthquake was unique in the sense that it was not preceded by any evacuations or warning signs. The earth in Haiti did not give any sign of a foreshock and did not send either a water or an electrical signal (Kluger, 2010). Even the P wave equipment, which seismologists use to detect vibrations, did not display any changes in the tectonic activity in the region (Kluger, 2010). People did not have a chance to foresee the events that would follow the first shake. The earthquake stroke at 21:53 UTC, January 12, 2010, in South Haiti, not far from the capital Port-au-Prince (RMS, 2010). The quake was felt across the Haiti region, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica and the Southern Bahamas, up to the northeast and southeast coasts of Cuba (RMS, 2010). The two cities closest to the epicenter, Port-au-Prince and Jacmel, experienced up to 7. 0 intensity shaking on the MMI scale (RMS, 2010). The strikes of such intensity usually cause moderate damage to property (RMS, 2010). The earthquake was not followed by a tsunami, and no tsunami warning was issued (RMS, 2010). Seismologists tend to differentiate between the three different types of earthquakes. The dip-slip-fault means than one clashing plate slides under the other (Kluger, 2010). The reverse dip-slip fault implies that tectonic plates pull apart (Kluger, 2010). The strike-slip is associated with a sideways grinding of the plates (Kluger, 2010). The Haiti earthquake was of the strike-slip type, meaning that the two tectonic plates on the both sides of the fault moved in opposite directions – the Caribbean Plate went east, while the Gonvave Platelet moved to the west (Physics Today, 2010). The more interesting and important, however, what people are likely to experience during an earthquake of the magnitude similar to that in Haiti. A missionary from Haiti said: â€Å"It felt like a train was coming down the road. It (the house) wasn’t shaking, it was rocking. I went outside and the vehicle in the driveway was rocking, glass breaking all around the house† (Leach, 2010). Another witness described the beginning of the earthquake as the rumbling of the ground underneath his feet: he saw a 400sq m house collapsing on the ground, with people trying to pull an elderly woman out of the rubble (Leach, 2010). Everything was shaking, people were screaming, while houses kept collapsing (Leach, 2010). Like any other earthquake, the one that stroke Haiti threw people into the whirl of shaking, trembling, and noise. Within minutes after the strike, witnesses could see a huge cloud of dust and smoke rising from the Haiti capital (Leach, 2010). The moment of the first shock was only the beginning in a series of aftershocks that followed. By Friday, 22 January, seismologists noted 54 aftershocks between Mw 4. 0 and 7. 0 (RMS, 2010). The two largest aftershocks rated Mw 5. 9 (RMS, 2010). The first aftershock occurred minutes after the main quake and was located 20 miles southwest of the mainshock (RMS, 2010). The second stroke the island eight days after the mainshock, on January 20, 2010 (RMS, 2010). Seismologists report that both aftershocks could not reach intensity higher than V which, according to the MMI scale, would cause very light damage to buildings (RMS, 2010). However, buildings in Haiti had not been designed to withstand the pressure of an earthquake; moreover, by the time the aftershock occurred, they had already been weakened – as a result, the second aftershock could readily turn into another serious attack on the Haitian property. The aftershock that hit Haiti on January 20, 2010 frightened the Haitians, already traumatized by the devastating earthquake that had happened several days before (Murphy, 2010). Those who survived experienced the growing fear and concern about their lives and the property that had not collapsed during the mainshock. Yet, the aftershocks caused little or no additional damage (Murphy, 2010). It should be noted, that although 6. 1 and 7. 0 magnitude look almost similar, the difference between the two is much greater. Unlike temperature scales, in which units of increase are constant, the method used to measure earthquake magnitudes is logarithmic. What this generally means is that the amount of shaking [†¦] caused by a 5. 0 earthquake is 10 times less than that caused by a 6. 0 earthquake and 100 times less of that caused by a 7. 0 earthquake. † (Murphy, 2010) Earthquakes of the magnitude between 6. 0 and 7. 0 are not uncommon in the Haitian region, and the aftershocks that followed the devastating earthquake on the 12th January were not significant. The effects of the aftershocks were more emotional than physical which, given the seriousness and the consequences of the event, were natural and justified. Today, when Haiti struggles to eliminate the consequences of the quake and to restore the economic stability in the region, seismologists and scholars in geology science keep arguing about whether the Haiti earthquake could have been predicted. Whether seismologists could have predicted the Haiti earthquake is no longer important, and it is equally difficult to estimate the value and importance of the 2008 scientific report. Nevertheless, the Haiti earthquake teaches seismologists numerous lessons and once again emphasizes the need to develop sound technologies and systems, which would predict earthquakes and warn local populations about them. Conclusion The Haiti Earthquake hit the island on January 12, 2010. With the magnitude not higher than 7. 0, the quake turned out to be the worst-case scenario for Haiti, killing and injuring thousands of local residents. The quakes of such magnitude are believed to cause average damage to people and property, but Haiti historically lacked resources necessary to build houses, which would withstand an earthquake. As a result, buildings collapsed, killing thousands and injuring even more. No warning signs or evacuations preceded the earthquake; it was equally immediate and unexpected. People felt the land shaking and rumbling beneath their feet, with a cloud of smoke and dust rising above the capital. A series of aftershocks that followed did not cause much additional damage but became the source of serious emotional effects. The Haiti earthquake was another good lesson to seismologists, and once again emphasized the need to develop sound technologies which would predict earthquakes and warn populations about it.